How to Write Research Methodology?

In the research paper, you have to discuss the methodology of the research that you have done before writing the paper. In the methodology chapter, it is discussed or explained what you have done or how you have done it. It allows the readers for evaluating the validity and reliability of the research. It should have included the following.

• What type of research you have done
• How you have collected your data or information
• How you have analyzed your data
• The materials or tools you have used in this research
• Your rationale or logic for choosing these methods at the time of collecting data.

It can be mentioned here for you better knowing that you should have to use past tense at the time of explaining the methodology. The steps of writing the methodology are discussed here.

Explain the Methodological Approach

At the beginning of the chapter, you should introduce the overall approach of the research. You can understand if it is discussed as the questions.

You first determine what type of research question or problem you want to investigate. As an example, whether you have aimed to describe the characteristics of something, for exploring an under-researched topic, or to establish a cause-and-effect relationship. In addition, the type of data you have needed to achieve these following aims.

• Did you need qualitative data expressed in words or quantitative data expressed in numbers?
• Did you prerequisite to collect primary data yourself, or did you use some secondary data that was collected by someone else? You should explain it at the time of writing this methodology.
• Did you collect experimental data by manipulating and controlling the variables, or such descriptive data at the time of gathering observations without prevailing?

This first step will depend upon the approach or discipline that you may start to begin with the discussion of such rationale and assumptions underpinning the methodology.

Describe your Methods of Data Collection

If you have introduced the methodological approach, then you have to mention details of the collection method. There are generally two types of data collection methods, such as quantitative methods, and another is qualitative data collection methods.

Quantitative methods

In such quantitative research, to get valid, generalizable results, you should have to describe your methods in enough detail for another researcher for replicating your study or research.

Explain the way you have operationalized the concepts, as well as to measure your variables; the sampling method or inclusion and exclusion criteria; and any types of tools, procedures and materials you used to collect data. Following are the examples of the quantitative data collection methods.

Surveys:

In this quantitative data collection method, you have to make a survey concerning the topic that you have chosen for research. You should have to make some questions relating to the topic, and you may distribute to the group of persons or the specific group of persons. You should have chosen the persons for the survey in accordance with the capacity of your research. You must describe when and how you have done the survey. You should include the sample size, as well as the response rate of the survey. It can be mentioned here for your convenience that you may conduct the survey through online such as mail, phone, and you should have mentioned how many persons responded in your survey.

Experiments:

You should have to provide full details of the tools, techniques, as well as procedures you used to conduct the experiment. You must mention how do you design the experiments and how do you recruit the participants of your experiment. It should be mentioned that what tools or techniques you have used at the time of the experiment. In such experimental research, it is particularly important to provide enough details for the other researcher for reproducing your outcomes.

Existing data:

You may have explained how the selected or gathered material have used for inclusion of the analysis. You should have to mention the sources from where you have taken those data for your research.

Qualitative methods:

In this qualitative research, since such methods are frequently more flexible, as well as subjective, it is important for reflecting on the approach that you take and explain the selections you made. The followings are some examples of this method.

Interviews or focus groups:

You should have to describe where, when and how the interviews are conducted.

• How many people took part?
• How did you find and select participants?
• How long were the interviews, and how were they recorded?
• What form did the interviews take (structured, semi-structured, and unstructured)?

Participant observation:

You should have to describe where, when and how you conducted the observation or ethnography.

• What role did you play in the community?
• What group or community did you observe, and how did you gain access to them?
• How long did you spend conducting the research and where was it located?
• How did you record your data; for example, audio-visual recordings, note-taking?

Existing data:

You may have explained how the selected or gathered material have used for inclusion of the analysis. You should have to mention the sources from where you have taken those data for your research.

Describe your Methods of Analysis

In this step, you should designate how you analyzed and processed the data. You may avoid to go further details and not start discussing or presenting any of your consequences at this stage.

In the quantitative research, you should consider analysis concerning the numbers. You should have to mention how to prepare the data before analyzing it. In such qualitative research, your analysis will be based on images, language, and observations and often involving some form of textual analysis.

Evaluate and Justify your Methodological Choices

The methodology that you have chosen should make a case for the reason you chose these particular methods, specifically if you did not take the most normal approach to your topic or subject. You may discuss why other methods are not suitable for the objectives, as well as show how this approach donates new knowledge, as well as understanding.

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